منابع مشابه
Historical variability in Northern Hetnisphere spring snow-covered area
Observed and reconstructed snow-cover duration data from stat ions covering southern Canada, the Great Plains, the former Soviet Union and China were used to reconstruct spring snow-covered area over North America (NA) and Eurasia from 1915 to 1985. A combination o[nine regions from NA and five from Euras ia were able to explain 81 % and 67%, respectively, of the variance in satellite-derived s...
متن کاملInferring Snow Water Equivalent for a Snow-Covered Ground Reflector Using GPS Multipath Signals
A nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm is used to estimate both snow depth and snow density for a snow-layer above a flat ground reflector. The product of these two quantities, snow depth and density, provides an estimate of the snow water equivalent. The input to this algorithm is a simple ray model that includes a speculary reflected signal along with a direct signal. These signals are t...
متن کاملDetermination of Broadband Albedos of Partially Snow-Covered Sites for Validation of MODIS Snow Albedo Retrievals
Over the period from February 24-28, 2003, the albedo of two partially snow-covered sites in northwestern Iowa was characterized to validate snow albedos retrieved from data collected by NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument. Below average snowfall provided the opportunity to evaluate the accuracy of snow albedos retrievals from the current MODIS snow-albedo al...
متن کاملReflectance Modeling of Snow-Covered Forests in Hilly Terrain
Seasonal snow covers large land areas of the Earth. Information about the snow extent in these regions is important for climate studies and water resource management. A linear spectral mixture model for snow-covered forests (the SnowFor model) has previously been developed for flat terrain. The SnowFor model includes reflectance components for snow, trees and snow-free ground. In this paper, th...
متن کاملDownscaling Ability of PRECIS over Snow-Covered Areas of Pakistan
The regional climate models are being used to investigate the future projections of climate change and their impacts in developing and developed countries of the world in the recent era. The present study is carried out to study the downscaling ability of a regional climate model named PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies) of Hadley Centre, Meteorological Office, U. K in moun...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Clinical Chemistry
سال: 2018
ISSN: 0009-9147,1530-8561
DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.292052